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In January 1848, a man was digging near the small village of San Francisco when he suddenly saw something shiny — gold! By the next year, the California Gold Rush had begun.
Thousands of men came to California after 1849. They were called “forty-niners.” They came from the United States and other countries, including Mexico, Australia, China, France, and England. They all wanted to make a fortune in gold.
Towns and camps grew quickly wherever gold was found. They were rough places with saloons, where men drank whiskey and gambled. In some mining towns, men stole and sometimes killed for gold.
Some miners made their fortunes, especially those who came early and were lucky. Many other people came to make money from the miners. San Francisco grew from a village into a city with 50,000 people, and California became a state in 1850.
